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DBMS > Dgraph vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSUltra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iowww.harperdb.iowww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.HarperDBMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2016201719891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.1, August 2021SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree community edition availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoNode.jsC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freedynamic schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON data typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like data manipulation statementsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clustertables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphHarperDBMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQL
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