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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Graphite vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Graphite vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSData logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webwww.kingbase.com.cnazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iodocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Chris DavisBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20162006199920161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releaseV8.0, August 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoPythonC and JavaC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Linux
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data onlyyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoStandard with numerous extensionsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
HTTP API
Sockets
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftnoneyesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphGraphiteKingbaseMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQL
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