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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release2016201720102014
Current releaseV123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQL
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Dgraph on AWS: Setting up a horizontally scalable graph database | Amazon Web Services
1 September 2020, AWS Blog

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20 July 2022, PR Newswire

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26 May 2021, Business Wire

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