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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­datastorewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release20162008201020162017
Current release2.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGo.NET and CC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted.NEThostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language (GQL)noyesyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnousing Google App EngineyesTransact SQLuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication using PaxosyesSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud DatastoreGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTimescaleDB
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