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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSLarge scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score58.10
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigquerygithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleGoogleMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20162010201119892019
Current release1.23, February 2021SQL Server 2022, November 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions infoin JavaScriptnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying datanoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphGoogle BigQueryLevelDBMicrosoft SQL ServerXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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