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DBMS > Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. Immudb vs. PieCloudDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. Immudb vs. PieCloudDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonPieCloudDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A cloud-native analytic database platform with new technologoy for elastic MPPWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.32
Rank#289  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.openpie.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.immudb.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.FoundationDBCodenotaryOpenPiePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2016201320201989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.2.3, April 20222.1, January 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++GoC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like syntaxyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
PL/SQL
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlynouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingShardingyespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftyesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoUser Roles and pluggable authentication with full SQL Standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphFoundationDBImmudbPieCloudDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsPieCloudDB, OpenPie's flagship product, is a cutting-edge cloud-native data warehouse....
» more
Competitive advantagesExtreme Elastic: PieCloudDB utilizes a cutting-edge eMPP cloud-native architecture...
» more
Typical application scenariosPieCloudDB is ideal for Data mining applications that require extreme scalability...
» more
Key customersSail-Cloud China Shipbuilding Group Haizhou System Soochow Securities ​etc.,
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsPieCloudDB Community Edition: Community License, Free Download, Self-Hosted Deployment;...
» more

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More resources
DgraphFoundationDBImmudbPieCloudDBPostgreSQL
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