DBMS > Dgraph vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Immudb vs. PieCloudDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Immudb vs. PieCloudDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

A cloud-native analytic database platform with new technologoy for elastic MPP

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	0.32
Rank	#289	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.openpie.com

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

firebase.google.com/docs/database

docs.immudb.io

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Codenotary

OpenPie

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2016

2012

2020

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

2.1, January 2023

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PL/SQL
Python
R

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

yes

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

yes, based on authentication and database rules

User Roles and pluggable authentication with full SQL Standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

PieCloudDB, OpenPie's flagship product, is a cutting-edge cloud-native data warehouse....
» more

Competitive advantages

Extreme Elastic: PieCloudDB utilizes a cutting-edge eMPP cloud-native architecture...
» more

Typical application scenarios

PieCloudDB is ideal for Data mining applications that require extreme scalability...
» more

Key customers

Sail-Cloud China Shipbuilding Group Haizhou System Soochow Securities etc.,
» more

Licensing and pricing models

PieCloudDB Community Edition: Community License, Free Download, Self-Hosted Deployment；...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

3rd parties

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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

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