DBMS > Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. HBase vs. LokiJS vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. HBase vs. LokiJS vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	0.43
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	2.21
Rank	#117	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

duckdb.org

hbase.apache.org

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

duckdb.org/docs

hbase.apache.org/book.html

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

2016

2018

2008

2014

1994

Current release

0.10, February 2024

2.3.4, January 2021

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

JavaScript

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

JavaScript

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

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