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DBMS > Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. EDB Postgres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. EDB Postgres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonEDB Postgres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSThe EDB Postgres Platform is an enterprise-class data management platform based on the open source database PostgreSQL with flexible deployment options and Oracle compatibility features, complemented by tool kits for management, integration, and migration.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#135  Overall
#63  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioduckdb.orgwww.enterprisedb.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsduckdb.org/­docswww.enterprisedb.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.EnterpriseDBMicrosoft
Initial release2016201820052019
Current release0.10, February 202414, December 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infoBSD for PostgreSQL-componentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-lessLinux
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnonehorizontal partitioning infoby hash, list or rangeSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftnoneMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
DgraphDuckDBEDB PostgresMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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