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DBMS > Derby vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Hawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.60
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#366  Overall
#39  Time Series DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitedb.apache.org/­derbywww.hawkular.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmlwww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guidecloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationCommunity supported by Red HatIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014MicrosoftTimescale
Initial release19972014201020192017
Current release10.17.1.0, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases2.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaErlangC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsJDBCHTTP RESTRESTful HTTP/JSON APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJavaGo
Java
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored ProceduresnoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesyes infovia Hawkular Alertingyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infobased on CassandraShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoatomic operations within a document possiblenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnononono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Derby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBHawkular MetricsIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimescaleDB
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