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DBMS > Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Vertica

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.RDF storeRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.55
Rank#144  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.72
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score9.62
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.postgresql.orgrdf4j.orgwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperCognitectPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.OpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20042005
Current release1.0.7180, July 202416.4, August 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureCJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyes infoRDF SchemasYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peerspartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

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More resources
DatomicPostgreSQLRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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