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DBMS > Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. openGemini vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. openGemini vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonopenGemini  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerAn open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalabilityVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.01
Rank#375  Overall
#39  Time Series DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.datomic.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.opengemini.org
github.com/­openGemini
virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.opengemini.org/­guidedocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCognitectGoogleMicrosoftHuawei and openGemini communityOpenLink Software
Initial release20122014201020221998
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.1.12, February 2017V121.1, July 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaScriptC++GoC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedLinux
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesInteger, Float, Boolean, Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyesSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP RESTADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
JavaScript.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoTransact SQLnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsUsing read-only observersyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes infousing MemoryDByesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAdministrators and common users accountsFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DatomicLovefieldMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureopenGeminiVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
DatomicLovefieldMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureopenGeminiVirtuoso
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