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DBMS > Datomic vs. Heroic vs. Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Heroic vs. Immudb vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCognitectSpotifyCodenotaryLeanXcaleMicrosoft
Initial release20122014202020152019
Current release1.0.7075, December 20231.2.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaGo
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like syntaxyes infothrough Apache DerbyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
DatomicHeroicImmudbLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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