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DBMS > Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. Interbase vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. Interbase vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonInterbase  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableLight-weight proven RDBMS infooriginally from BorlandWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.08
Rank#75  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spannerhbase.apache.orgwww.embarcadero.com/­products/­interbasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.embarcadero.com/­products/­interbasewww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperCognitectGoogleApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetEmbarcaderoPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20122017200819841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.0.7075, December 20232.3.4, January 2021InterBase 2020, December 201916.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaCC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Android
iOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free, schema definition possibleyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoexport as XML data possibleyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Object Pascal
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsnoyes infoCoprocessors in Javayes infoInterbase procedure and trigger languageuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Interbase Change ViewsSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMultiversion concurreny controlyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DatomicGoogle Cloud SpannerHBaseInterbasePostgreSQL
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