DBMS > Cubrid vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Cubrid vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.86
Rank	#203	Overall
	#34	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

www.datomic.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

cubrid.org/manuals

docs.datomic.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Cognitect

Microsoft

Oracle

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2008

2012

1989

2011

2022

Current release

11.0, January 2021

1.0.6735, June 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

23.3, December 2023

v1.1.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C, C++, Java

Java, Clojure

C++

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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