DBMS > CrateDB vs. Neo4j vs. PouchDB vs. RDF4J vs. SingleStore
System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. Neo4j vs. PouchDB vs. RDF4J vs. SingleStore
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Name | CrateDB Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | PouchDB Xexclude from comparison | RDF4J formerly known as Sesame Xexclude from comparison | SingleStore former name was MemSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Distributed Database based on Lucene | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB | RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage. | MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store Spatial DBMS Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Graph DBMS | Document store | RDF store | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Relational DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | cratedb.com | neo4j.com | pouchdb.com | rdf4j.org | www.singlestore.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | cratedb.com/docs | neo4j.com/docs | pouchdb.com/guides | rdf4j.org/documentation | docs.singlestore.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Crate | Neo4j, Inc. | Apache Software Foundation | Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software. | SingleStore Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2013 | 2007 | 2012 | 2004 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 5.20, May 2024 | 7.1.1, June 2019 | 8.5, January 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source | Open Source Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0. | commercial free developer edition available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | Java | Java, Scala | JavaScript | Java | C++, Go | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) | Linux OS X Unix Windows | Linux 64 bit version required | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) | schema-free and schema-optional | schema-free | yes RDF Schemas | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes via views | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility | no | no | no | yes but no triggers and foreign keys | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Prometheus Remote Read/Write RESTful HTTP API | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph Mapper RESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | HTTP REST only for PouchDB Server JavaScript API | Java API RIO RDF Input/Output Sail API SeRQL Sesame RDF Query Language Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SPARQL | Cluster Management API as HTTP Rest and CLI HTTP API JDBC MongoDB API ODBC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .NET Erlang Go community maintained client Java JavaScript (Node.js) community maintained client Perl community maintained client PHP Python R Ruby community maintained client Scala community maintained client | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | JavaScript | Java PHP Python | Bash C C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions (Javascript) | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | View functions in JavaScript | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes via event handler | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | Sharding with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge | none | Sharding hash partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Configurable replication on table/partition-level | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Multi-source replication also with CouchDB databases Source-replica replication also with CouchDB databases | none | Source-replica replication stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | yes | no | no can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Read-after-write consistency on record level | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Eventual Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes Relationships in graphs | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy | ACID | no | ACID Isolation support depends on the API used | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend | yes in-memory storage is supported as well | yes All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | rights management via user accounts | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | no | no | Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CrateDB | Neo4j | PouchDB | RDF4J formerly known as Sesame | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | See CrateDB pricing > » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | openCypher Will Pave the Road to GQL for Cypher Implementers 7 Tips for Submitting Your NODES 2024 Talk How to Configure Neo4j Aura With AWS PrivateLink This Week in Neo4j: Podcast, GraphRAG, GraphQL, Chatbot and more Neo4j Joins the Connect with Confluent Partner Program | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CrateDB | Neo4j | PouchDB | RDF4J formerly known as Sesame | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript | Turbocharge Your Application Development Using WebAssembly With SingleStoreDB Cloud-Based Analytics With SingleStoreDB SingleStore: The Increasing Momentum of Multi-Model Database Systems CrateDB Announces Availability of CrateDB on Google Cloud Marketplace CrateDB Partners with HiveMQ to Advance IoT Data Management and Analytics Across Industries How We Designed CrateDB as a Realtime SQL DBMS for the Internet of Things Crate.io Introduces CrateDB 2.0 Enterprise and Open Source Editions Crate.io Expands CrateDB Cloud with the Launch of CrateDB Edge provided by Google News Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Neo4j Empowers Syracuse University with $250K Grant to Tackle Misinformation in 2024 Elections Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects' Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure provided by Google News Building an Offline First App with PouchDB — SitePoint Getting Started with PouchDB Client-Side JavaScript Database — SitePoint 3 Reasons To Think Offline First Create Offline Web Apps Using Service Workers & PouchDB — SitePoint Offline-first web and mobile apps: Top frameworks and components provided by Google News GraphDB Goes Open Source Ontotext's GraphDB 8.10 Makes Knowledge Graph Experience Faster and Richer provided by Google News SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases SingleStore Announces Real-time Data Platform to Further Accelerate AI, Analytics and Application Development Building a Modern Database: Nikita Shamgunov on Postgres and Beyond SingleStore adds indexed vector search to Pro Max release for faster AI work – Blocks and Files SingleStore CEO on High-Speed Database Currents provided by Google News |
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