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DBMS > CrateDB vs. H2 vs. MariaDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Milvus

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. H2 vs. MariaDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Milvus

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed Database based on LuceneFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches
Primary database modelDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Websitecratedb.comwww.h2database.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.marklogic.commilvus.io
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.marklogic.commilvus.io/­docs/­overview.md
DeveloperCrateThomas MuellerMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MarkLogic Corp.
Initial release201320052009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520012019
Current release2.2.220, July 202311.3.2, February 202411.0, December 20222.3.4, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++C++C++, Go
Server operating systemsAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Data schemeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-free infoSchema can be enforced
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesVector, Numeric and String
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoSQL92no
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
JavaAda
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions (Javascript)Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3yes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptno
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes, with Range Indexesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsRole based access control and fine grained access rights
More information provided by the system vendor
CrateDBH2MariaDBMarkLogicMilvus
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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More resources
CrateDBH2MariaDBMarkLogicMilvus
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