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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Neo4j vs. PouchDB vs. Teradata Aster vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Neo4j vs. PouchDB vs. Teradata Aster vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPouchDB  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsJavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDBPlatform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument storeGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.28
Rank#115  Overall
#21  Document stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgneo4j.compouchdb.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stableneo4j.com/­docspouchdb.com/­guidesdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerNeo4j, Inc.Apache Software FoundationTeradataOpenLink Software
Initial release20052007201220051998
Current release3.3.3, December 20235.20, May 20247.1.1, June 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageErlangJava, ScalaJavaScriptC
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoin Aster File Storeyes
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
HTTP REST infoonly for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsView functions in JavaScriptR packagesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infovia event handleryesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0yes using Neo4j FabricSharding infowith a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-loungeShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
yes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Frameworkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backendyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Neo4jPouchDBTeradata AsterVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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