DBMS > CouchDB vs. JanusGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. JanusGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters

It was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.60
Rank	#53	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Score	1.78
Rank	#127	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#314	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

couchdb.apache.org

janusgraph.org

www.postgresql.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.janusgraph.org

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2005

2017

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2019

Current release

3.3.3, December 2023

1.0.0, October 2023

16.4, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Erlang

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

Clojure
Java
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions in JavaScript

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

yes

depending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per database

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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