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DBMS > CouchDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.postgresql.orgravendb.netgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablecloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantwww.postgresql.org/­docsravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerHibernating Rhinos8Kdata
Initial release200520101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20102016
Current release3.3.3, December 202316.3, May 20245.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
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Implementation languageErlangErlangCC#Java
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess rights for users and roles

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CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"IBM CloudantPostgreSQLRavenDBToroDB
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