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DBMS > CouchDB vs. GraphDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. GraphDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablegraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerOntotextIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8Kdata
Initial release2005200020101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release3.3.3, December 202310.4, October 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJavaErlangCJava
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptwell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0noneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIBM CloudantPostgreSQLToroDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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