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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database
Primary database modelDocument storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comravendb.net
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGoogleGoogleThomas MuellerHibernating Rhinos
Initial release20052015201720052010
Current release3.3.3, December 20232.2.220, July 20235.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJavaC#
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedhostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes
Triggersyesnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0ShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction available
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per database

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Google Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerH2RavenDB
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