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DBMS > CouchDB vs. DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Graph Engine vs. H2

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Graph Engine vs. H2

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.26
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score15.00
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.62
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgduckdb.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.graphengine.iowww.h2database.com
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stableduckdb.org/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftThomas Mueller
Initial release20052018201220102005
Current release3.3.3, December 20230.10, February 20242.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageErlangC++.NET and CJava
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
server-lesshosted.NETAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnonoyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptnolimited functionality with using 'rules'yesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
TriggersyesnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0nonehorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDyesnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenoyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityH2
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