DBMS > CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.30
Rank	#47	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.datomic.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Cognitect

Thomas Mueller

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

2005

2012

2005

2001

1994

Current release

3.3.3, December 2023

1.0.7075, December 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Erlang

Java, Clojure

Java

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

Clojure
Java

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions in JavaScript

yes

Transaction Functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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