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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Derby vs. Firebase Realtime Database

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Derby vs. Firebase Realtime Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.71
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.datomic.comdb.apache.org/­derbyfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-database
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.datomic.comdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­database
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerCognitectApache Software FoundationGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014
Initial release2005201219972012
Current release3.3.3, December 20231.0.6735, June 202310.17.1.0, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJava, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP APIJDBCAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Clojure
Java
JavaJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptyes infoTransaction FunctionsJava Stored Procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsyesCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBFirebase Realtime Database
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