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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. FoundationDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Postgres-XL vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. FoundationDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Postgres-XL vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgres-xl.orgtypedb.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationtypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperCockroach LabsFoundationDBVesoft Inc.Vaticle
Initial release2015201320192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2016
Current release24.1.0, May 20246.2.28, November 202010 R1, October 20182.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++CJava
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-free infosome layers support schemasStrong typed schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query languageyes infodistributed, parallel query executionno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsuser defined functionsno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlnoRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
CockroachDBFoundationDBNebulaGraphPostgres-XLTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
CockroachDBFoundationDBNebulaGraphPostgres-XLTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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