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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCockroach LabsElasticMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20132015201020152010
Current release4.1.0, June 202223.1.1, May 20238.6, January 2023V1V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++GoJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query languagenoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesnoTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication using RAFTyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoES-Hadoop Connectornono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access controlyes infousing Azure authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCockroachDBElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure AI SearchMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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