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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. HarperDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. HarperDB vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricUltra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.harperdb.iowww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.harperdb.io/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperCockroach LabsElasticHarperDBPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2015201020171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release23.1.1, May 20238.6, January 20233.1, August 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaNode.jsC
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentdynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like data manipulation statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesCustom Functions infosince release 3.1user defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTyesyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectornono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic execution of specific operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using LMDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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