DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. Riak KV
System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. Riak KV
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| Name | CockroachDB Xexclude from comparison | Datomic Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Quasardb Xexclude from comparison | Riak KV Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble. | Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Distributed, high-performance timeseries database | Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Time Series DBMS | Key-value store with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.cockroachlabs.com | www.datomic.com | www.postgresql.org | quasar.ai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.cockroachlabs.com/docs | docs.datomic.com | www.postgresql.org/docs | doc.quasar.ai/master | www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Cockroach Labs | Cognitect | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | quasardb | OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2015 | 2012 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2009 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 24.1.0, May 2024 | 1.0.7075, December 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | 3.14.1, January 2024 | 3.2.0, December 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache 2.0, commercial license available | commercial limited edition free | Open Source BSD | commercial Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses | Open Source Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Go | Java, Clojure | C | C++ | Erlang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux macOS Windows | All OS with a Java VM | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | BSD Linux OS X Windows | Linux OS X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | dynamic schema | yes | yes | schema-free | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes integer and binary | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes with tags | restricted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like query language | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC | RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | HTTP API | HTTP API Native Erlang Interface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# C++ Clojure Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Rust | Clojure Java | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net C C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R | C unofficial client library C# C++ unofficial client libraryClojure unofficial client libraryDart unofficial client libraryErlang Go unofficial client libraryGroovy unofficial client libraryHaskell unofficial client libraryJava JavaScript unofficial client libraryLisp unofficial client libraryPerl unofficial client libraryPHP Python Ruby Scala unofficial client librarySmalltalk unofficial client library | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | yes Transaction Functions | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | Erlang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | By using transaction functions | yes | no | yes pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | horizontal partitioning (by key range) all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT | none But extensive use of caching in the application peers | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding consistent hashing | Sharding no "single point of failure" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication using RAFT | none But extensive use of caching in the application peers | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor | selectable replication factor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | with Hadoop integration | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | no | yes | no | no links between data sets can be stored | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others) | yes | yes by using LevelDB | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes recommended only for testing and development | no | yes Transient mode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Role-based access control | no | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail | yes, using Riak Security | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| CockroachDB | Datomic | PostgreSQL | Quasardb | Riak KV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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