DBMS > CockroachDB vs. CouchDB vs. Dolt vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. CouchDB vs. Dolt vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

A MySQL compatible DBMS with Git-like versioning of data and schema

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	8.30
Rank	#47	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	1.02
Rank	#191	Overall
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	0.60
Rank	#244	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

couchdb.apache.org

github.com/dolthub/dolt
www.dolthub.com

www.harperdb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.dolthub.com

docs.harperdb.io/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

DoltHub Inc

HarperDB

Microsoft

Initial release

2015

2005

2018

2017

1989

Current release

24.1.0, May 2024

3.3.3, December 2023

3.1, August 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

free community edition available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Erlang

Node.js

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

dynamic schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
HTTP REST

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions in JavaScript

yes

currently in alpha release

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

none

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

A database can be cloned to multiple locations and be used there in isolation. Data/schema changes can be pushed/pulled explicitly between locations.

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

Access rights for users can be defined per database

Only one user is configurable, and must be specified in the config file at startup

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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