DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Qdrant vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Qdrant vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.34
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	1.16
Rank	#175	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

clickhouse.com

google.github.io/lovefield

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

clickhouse.com/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

qdrant.tech/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Clickhouse Inc.

Google

Microsoft

Qdrant

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2014

2010

2021

2019

Current release

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

V12

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

C++

Rust

Clojure

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

hosted

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

JavaScript

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

Triggers

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

key based and custom

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

none

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Collection-level replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Key-based authentication

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