DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Ingres vs. MariaDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Ingres vs. MariaDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Well established RDBMS

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	15.55
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

clickhouse.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

spark.apache.org/sql

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

clickhouse.com/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Clickhouse Inc.

Actian Corporation

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Apache Software Foundation

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2016

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2014

Current release

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

11.2, May 2022

11.3.2, February 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Scala

C++, Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

key based and custom

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Ingres Replicator

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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