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DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Dgraph vs. Hazelcast vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Dgraph vs. Hazelcast vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameClickHouse  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA widely adopted in-memory data gridA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeVector DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsTime Series DBMSDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score15.55
Rank#38  Overall
#23  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteclickhouse.comdgraph.iohazelcast.commilvus.iowww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationclickhouse.com/­docsdgraph.io/­docshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperClickhouse Inc.Dgraph Labs, Inc.HazelcastPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20162016200820191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev24.4.2.141-stable, June 20245.3.6, November 20232.4.4, May 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
  • DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
  • Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++GoJavaC++, GoC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategynoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)noSQL-like query languagenoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC# info3rd party library
C++
Elixir info3rd party library
Go info3rd party library
Java info3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party library
Kotlin info3rd party library
Nim info3rd party library
Perl info3rd party library
PHP info3rd party library
Python info3rd party library
R info3rd party library
Ruby info3rd party library
Rust
Scala info3rd party library
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyes infoEventsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeskey based and customyesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesAsynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.Synchronous replication via Raftyes infoReplicated MapSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.no infoPlanned for future releasesRole-based access controlRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
ClickHouseDgraphHazelcastMilvusPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesAiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
» more

DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

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ClickHouseDgraphHazelcastMilvusPostgreSQL
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