DBMS > Citus vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Solr vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Solr vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Widely used open source RDBMS

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Graph DBMS

Search engine

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	41.02
Rank	#24	Overall
	#3	Search engines

Score	1.52
Rank	#153	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

www.mysql.com

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

solr.apache.org

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.nebula-graph.io

solr.apache.org/resources.html

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Developer

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Vesoft Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2010

1995

2019

2006

2019

Current release

8.1, December 2018

8.4.0, April 2024

9.6.1, May 2024

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

yes

Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

supports customizable data types and automatic typing

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

Solr Parallel SQL Interface

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

proprietary syntax

user defined functions

Java plugins

Triggers

yes

User configurable commands triggered on index changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Role-based access control

yes

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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All companies that have data.
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.