DB-EnginesExtremeDB for everyone with an RTOSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > Citus vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQLite

Please select another system to include it in the comparison.

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.kingbase.com.cnwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.MicrosoftDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release2010199919892000
Current release8.1, December 2018V8.0, August 2021SQL Server 2022, November 20223.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC and JavaC++C
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Windows
Linux
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsStandard with numerous extensionsyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
» more

Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
» more
Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
CitusKingbaseMicrosoft SQL ServerSQLite
DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year
4 January 2017, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

show all

Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking
2 February 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Recent citations in the news

Ubicloud wants to build an open source alternative to AWS
5 March 2024, TechCrunch

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL ...
24 January 2019, Microsoft

Ubicloud reels in $16M for its open-source cloud platform
5 March 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Distributed PostgreSQL Benchmarks: Azure Cosmos DB, CockroachDB, and YugabyteDB
8 July 2023, InfoQ.com

Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs
10 July 2023, Datanami

provided by Google News

Made in China 2025 is back, with a new name and a focus on database companies – The China Project
19 December 2022, The China Project

Opening preparation - Alekhine defense, Saemisch variation
18 April 2016, Chess.com

Backup & Recovery Solutions from China
4 August 2022, Хабр

provided by Google News

Containerize SQL Server workloads with Amazon EKS and DxOperator for Kubernetes | Amazon Web Services
14 June 2024, AWS Blog

SQL Server on Linux: What You Need to Know
30 May 2024, ITPro Today

SQL Server 2014 end of support: Keep your customers secure
28 March 2024, Microsoft

Mastering the SQL Server command-line interface
30 May 2024, SitePoint

Make SQL Server end of support the start of your AWS cloud journey | Amazon Web Services
12 June 2024, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

Microsoft Research chief scientist has no issue with Windows Recall
6 June 2024, The Register

How to work with Dapper and SQLite in ASP.NET Core
10 May 2024, InfoWorld

A Guide to Working with SQLite Databases in Python
21 May 2024, KDnuggets

SQLite Vulnerability Could Put Thousands of Apps at Risk
22 March 2024, Dark Reading

SQLite's new support for binary JSON is similar but different from a PostgreSQL feature • DEVCLASS
16 January 2024, DevClass

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Present your product here