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DBMS > Citus vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWell established RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperActian CorporationGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release20101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20111989
Current release8.1, December 201811.2, May 20221.23, February 2021SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCCC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsIngres Replicatornoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusIngresLevelDBMicrosoft SQL Server
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