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DBMS > Citus vs. IBM Db2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. IBM Db2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matchingCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Vector DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score128.46
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.16
Rank#175  Overall
#6  Vector DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2www.postgresql.orggithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
www.vertica.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2www.postgresql.org/­docsqdrant.tech/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperIBMPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQdrantOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20101983 infohost version1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20212005
Current release8.1, December 201812.1, October 201616.3, May 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infofree version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC and C++CRustC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-textNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyesyesyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versionpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardinghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsCollection-level replicationMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency, tunable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardKey-based authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2PostgreSQLQdrantVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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More resources
CitusIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2PostgreSQLQdrantVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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