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DBMS > Citus vs. IBM Db2 vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. IBM Db2 vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score128.46
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.16
Rank#175  Overall
#6  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2neo4j.comwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2neo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsqdrant.tech/­documentation
DeveloperIBMNeo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQdrant
Initial release20101983 infohost version20071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2021
Current release8.1, December 201812.1, October 20165.19, April 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infofree version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC and C++Java, ScalaCRust
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versionyes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)Causal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsCollection-level replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency, tunable consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardKey-based authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Neo4jPostgreSQLQdrant
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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