DBMS > Citus vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. gStore vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. gStore vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	9.70
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	3.15
Rank	#95	Overall
	#14	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	0.14
Rank	#342	Overall
	#34	Graph DBMS
	#16	RDF stores

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

www.dbase.com

cloud.google.com/bigtable

en.gstore.cn

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

Asthon Tate

Google

SAP

Initial release

2010

1979

2015

2016

2010

Current release

8.1, December 2018

dBASE 2019, 2019

1.2, November 2023

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

hosted

Linux

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

dBase proprietary IDE

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

yes

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

Atomic single-row operations

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

yes

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