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DBMS > Citus vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. TiDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.97
Rank#92  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.76
Rank#99  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score4.09
Rank#72  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.ontotext.compingcap.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release2010201520002016
Current release8.1, December 201810.4, October 20238.2.0, July 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageCJavaGo, Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityno
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusGoogle Cloud BigtableGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMTiDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
News

GraphDB in Action: Using Semantics To Push The Envelope Of Software Engineering, Machine Learning, and E-Health Domains
11 September 2024

Accelerating End-to-end Knowledge Graph Solutions with Ontotext’s LinkedLifeData Inventory: The Case of Target Discovery
30 August 2024

Using Entity Linking to Turn Your Graph into a Knowledge Graph
23 August 2024

Considerations to Creating a Graph Center of Excellence: 5 Elements to Ensure Success
22 August 2024

The Power of Knowledge Graphs – A Chat with Perfect Memory and Ontotext
16 August 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
CitusGoogle Cloud BigtableGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMTiDB
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