DBMS > Citus vs. EJDB vs. Immudb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. EJDB vs. Immudb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Embeddable document-store database library with JSON representation of queries (in MongoDB style)

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS

Primary database model

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#296	Overall
	#44	Document stores

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#334	Overall
	#148	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.postgresql.org

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/README.md

docs.immudb.io

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html

Developer

Softmotions

Codenotary

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Transaction Software GmbH

Initial release

2010

2012

2020

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

1987

Current release

8.1, December 2018

1.2.3, April 2022

16.3, May 2024

Transbase 8.3, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

GPLv2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

free development license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

server-less

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, bool, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like syntax

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

in-process shared library

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Actionscript
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
Objective-C
Pike
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

typically not needed, however similar functionality with collection joins possible

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Read/Write Locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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