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DBMS > Citus vs. DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. QuestDB vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. QuestDB vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWidely used RDBMSA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comduckdb.orgwww.oracle.com/­databasequestdb.iowww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comduckdb.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasequestdb.io/­docshelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperOracleQuestDB Technology IncSAP
Initial release20102018198020142010
Current release8.1, December 20180.10, February 202423c, September 20232.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL with time-series extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenoSQLScript, R
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication with eventual consistencyyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID for single-table writesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes infothrough memory mapped filesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusDuckDBOracleQuestDBSAP HANA
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
CitusDuckDBOracleQuestDBSAP HANA
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