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DBMS > Citus vs. dBASE vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. dBASE vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisondBASE  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLdBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score9.16
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score2.97
Rank#92  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.dbase.comduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebaseduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docs
DeveloperAsthon TateGoogle8Kdata
Initial release20101979201820152016
Current release8.1, December 2018dBASE 2019, 20191.0.0, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxDOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
server-lesshostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
none infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
dBase proprietary IDEC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.nono
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnonenoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSACIDAtomic single-row operationsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
CitusdBASEDuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableToroDB
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