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DBMS > Citus vs. Datomic vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Datomic vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPouchDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLJavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.28
Rank#115  Overall
#21  Document stores
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.datomic.comwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.postgresql.orgpouchdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.datomic.comwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docspouchdb.com/­guides
DeveloperCognitectPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation
Initial release201020122014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2012
Current release8.1, December 20181.0.6735, June 202310 R1, October 201816.2, February 20247.1.1, June 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCJava, ClojureCCJavaScript
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infovia views
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST infoonly for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.View functions in JavaScript
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peershorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infowith a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoMVCCACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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CitusDatomicPostgres-XLPostgreSQLPouchDB
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