DBMS > Cassandra vs. Postgres-XL vs. Trino vs. Valentina Server vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Postgres-XL vs. Trino vs. Valentina Server vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Object-relational database and reports server

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	4.99
Rank	#65	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	0.21
Rank	#325	Overall
	#144	Relational DBMS

Score	1.52
Rank	#153	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Website

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

valentina-db.com/docs/dokuwiki/v5/doku.php

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Trino Software Foundation

Paradigma Software

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2008

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

1999

2019

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

10 R1, October 2018

5.7.5

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

yes

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

ODBC

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes, depending on connected data-source

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

horizontal partitioning

depending on connected data-source

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

depending on connected data-source

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

MVCC

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

SQL standard access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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