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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ScyllaDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ScyllaDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonScyllaDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSCassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSWide column store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Key-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.76
Rank#99  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score4.15
Rank#69  Overall
#5  Wide column stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.scylladb.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.scylladb.com
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookOntotextMicrosoftScyllaDB
Initial release2008200019892015
Current release5.0-rc1, July 202410.4, October 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022ScyllaDB Open Source 6.0.2, July 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoOpen Source (AGPL), commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infocluster global secondary indices
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Proprietary protocol (CQL) infocompatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes, Lua
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"nonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possible
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoin-memory tables
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per object
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft SQL ServerScyllaDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
» more
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