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DBMS > Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. IRONdb vs. Neo4j vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. IRONdb vs. Neo4j vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/neo4j.comoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedneo4j.com/­docsoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookOntotextCirconus LLC.Neo4j, Inc.Tobias Oetiker
Initial release20082000201720071999
Current release4.1.3, July 202310.4, October 2023V0.10.20, January 20185.20, May 20241.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++Java, ScalaC infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)nono
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
HTTP APIBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes, in Luayes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno
Triggersyesnonoyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneAutomatic, metric affinity per nodeyes using Neo4j Fabricnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replicationconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awareCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.noUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)no
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIRONdbNeo4jRRDtool
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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