DBMS > Cassandra vs. GigaSpaces vs. Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. GigaSpaces vs. Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. RavenDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

High performance in-memory data grid platform, powering three products: Smart Cache, Smart ODS (Operational Data Store), Smart Augmented Transactions

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

Primary database model

Wide column store

Document store
Object oriented DBMS

Values are user defined objects

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Graph DBMS
Search engine

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	0.97
Rank	#192	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#6	Object oriented DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#98	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Website

cassandra.apache.org

www.gigaspaces.com

memgraph.com

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

ravendb.net

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.gigaspaces.com/latest/landing.html

memgraph.com/docs

docs.nebula-graph.io

ravendb.net/docs

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Gigaspaces Technologies

Memgraph Ltd

Vesoft Inc.

Hibernating Rhinos

Initial release

2008

2000

2017

2019

2010

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

15.5, September 2020

5.4, July 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial licenses available

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

Java, C++, .Net

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free and schema-optional

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

XML can be used for describing objects metadata

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-99 for query and DML statements

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (RQL)

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

GigaSpaces LRMI
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
JPA
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C++
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, event driven architecture

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Multi-source replication

synchronous or asynchronous
Source-replica replication

synchronous or asynchronous

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Map-Reduce pattern can be built with XAP task executors

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable: ALL, QUORUM, ANY

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Role-based access control

Users, roles and permissions

Role-based access control

Authorization levels configured per client per database

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
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NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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