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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Kinetica vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Kinetica vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareFully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelWide column storeSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score1.77
Rank#141  Overall
#65  Relational DBMS
Score0.64
Rank#236  Overall
#109  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
www.kinetica.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.heavy.aidocs.kinetica.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookElasticHEAVY.AI, Inc.KineticaOpenLink Software
Initial release20082010201620121998
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.6, January 20235.10, January 20227.1, August 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++ and CUDAC, C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinuxLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnouser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infoRound robinShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesES-Hadoop Connectornonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyesyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAMyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles on table levelFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraElasticsearchHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022KineticaVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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