DBMS > Cassandra vs. Ehcache vs. etcd vs. Hazelcast vs. LevelDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Ehcache vs. etcd vs. Hazelcast vs. LevelDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A widely adopted Java cache with tiered storage options

A distributed reliable key-value store

A widely adopted in-memory data grid

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Primary database model

Wide column store

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Document store

JSON support with IMDG 3.12

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	4.89
Rank	#67	Overall
	#8	Key-value stores

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	5.97
Rank	#57	Overall
	#6	Key-value stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Website

cassandra.apache.org

www.ehcache.org

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

hazelcast.com

github.com/google/leveldb

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

www.ehcache.org/documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

hazelcast.org/imdg/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Terracotta Inc, owned by Software AG

Hazelcast

Google

Initial release

2008

2009

2008

2011

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

3.10.0, March 2022

3.4, August 2019

5.3.6, November 2023

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

the object must implement a serialization strategy

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

JCache

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Event Listeners, Executor Services

Triggers

yes

Cache Event Listeners

yes, watching key changes

yes

Events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

by using Terracotta Server

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

yes

by using Terracotta Server

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

Replicated Map

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Tunable Consistency (Strong, Eventual, Weak)

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user

Raft Consensus Algorithm

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

yes

supports JTA and can work as an XA resource

one or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commited

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using a tiered cache-storage approach

yes

with automatic compression on writes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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